Project Description

Location-Centric Distributed Computation and Signal Processing in Microsensor Networks

Sponsor: DARPA SensIT Program

Microsensor networks are envisioned to provide a seamless link between the physical world and the global information infrastructure. The link is established via a dense deployment of cheap, small sensing devices that serve as a virtual skin for the surface of an object or a geographic region.  The devices are able to sense in various modes but have limited computation and communication capability.

The challenges in the design and operation of microsensor networks are three-fold:

  1.  Simple,  flexible programming abstraction: Each sensor device by itself may not be able to provide useful information without collaboration with other devices. At the same time, due to the large ad hoc nature of sensor networks, it is a formidable challenge for a programmer to develop efficient distributed algorithms and implementations without a simple, but flexible, programming model.
  2. Power and bandwidth efficient distributed signal processing: Each device is likely to have very limited power and bandwidth capabilities to communicate with other devices.Therefore, any distributed computation on the sensor network must be very efficient in utilizing the limited power and bandwidth budget of the sensor devices.
  3. Robustness to sensor device failures: Due to the harsh conditions in which sensor devices may be deployed, and the way in which the devices may be deployed, one can expect a significant fraction of the devices to be either non-operational or malfunctioning. Therefore, the underlying distributed algorithms must be robust with respect to a large number of device failures.
The overall goal of this project is to develop novel solutions to overcome these three challenges.  Our strategy is based on three key premises:
  1. Distributed computations in a microsensor network require collaboration among devices in the same geographic region as opposed  to collaboration among a specified set of devices. That is, computations in microsensor networks are location-centric and not node-centric.
  2. Different tasks require sensor signal processing at different levels of accuracy and, hence, have different power and bandwidth requirements. For example, reliable detection may be accomplished at a lower level of accuracy whereas reliable classification would typically require a higher  level of accuracy. This motivates multi-resolution spatio-temporal processing of sensor signals.
  3. A built-in self test methodology is essential in microsensor networks so that most faulty sensor devices can be identified and disregarded during distributed computation and signal processing, thereby resulting in more efficient and robust algorithms.

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